The bourgeoisie is not the “middle class,” and it hasn’t
been so since around the eighteenth century. Pet peeve, drives me nuts. This
confusion was created during the Cold War, when propagandists wanted to spook
American Suburbia that they themselves were the primary target of nasty communists.
Once bourgeois was re-defined to mean the contemporary middle class, then
quotes from leftists themselves, aimed at the actual bourgeoisie (the 1/10 of
1%), were automatically misinterpreted to prove the imminent danger those
naughty left-wingers posed to Donnie and Marie and their little white weens.
The term refers to the business
class, which was in the middle,
between the aristocracy and the peasantry. If anyone in the US comes
into contact with peasants and aristocrats, clue us in. This was all prior to
the bourgeois revolutions in the United States and France. And those were revolutions on behalf of the business class against the hereditary aristocracy. A class struggle
between a waning upper class and a waxing middle, framed as an Oedipal struggle
of brothers against fathers.
The bourgeoisie is now the ruling class. You can say it, “The business class is the dominant class,” and it loses some of
that leftist cachet (or threat, depending).
The business class is joined with the state, which is where
we want to focus right now. What are the state’s responsibilities are vis-a-vis
the business class, and how is the bourgeoisie responding to the Trump
interregnum?
The chosen form of government by the American bourgeoisie was
the constitutional republic, with certain ostensibly equal protections for all
citizens. I say ostensibly, because this has never been the actual case.
The highest protection in the US republic is for property, and all other rights are
subordinate to that one. So, when we guarantee that all persons have the right
to free speech, we also ignore how property makes this so-called equality a
form of extreme inequality. The press is free
to those who own one.
Business class wins.
The flexibility built into capitalist constitutions is
designed in support of the dominance of market relations between people; and
the tension has always been between (a) allowing certain freedoms so that
people will be able to competitively self-select their own exploitation, and (b)
holding the fort when there are popular challenges to business class power . .
. or sudden crises, even of the bourgeoisie’s own making. In 2007, those who
were indebted were not bailed out. Wall Street was.
Business class wins again.
The business class and the state have always been partners,
because the state ultimately serves as that class’s armed guard along the
by-ways of commerce. In fact, there is a kind of revolving door between the
business class and state offices. The ruling class holds power by virtue of
monetary wealth. That power was gained through money-accumulation, and it is
sustained through the sustainment of accumulation.
A capitalist state has seven key and yet unstated economic
responsibilities to guarantee accumulation for the business class: (1) to
ensure enough willing or unwilling workers
for production at rates that allow for profit; (2) to ensure that banks can
provide finance capital for loans;
(3) to ensure the externalization of
costs adequate to protect overall profits, including publicly-financed
infrastructure and freedom to pollute; (4) to ensure markets sufficient to
absorb production; (5) to ensure expansion
sufficient to compensate for saturated or lost markets, whether by financial or
military means, or by opening new arenas of commodification (“privatization”); (6)
to ensure enough general stability for business to flourish without
major interruptions, and (7) to ensure an adequate supply of resources.
Once these seven requirements are satisfied, then the
coordinated activity between productive activities and financial activities can
“grow” the economy. Failure to expand will eventually result in falling rates of profit as markets are
saturated and-or “cheap nature” quits being cheap, and falling rates of profit
will result in profit-based enterprises failing. (Mammon’s
Ecology, 89, emphases added)
Falling rates of profit
constitute crises for capitalists and therefore for the capitalist state. Rates
of non-speculative profit in the US have fallen from 38 percent in 1946 to 17
percent now, and we are set for another downturn within the year. (Roberts, “US
Rate of Profit in 2017”) Financialization (speculation) has developed the
non-productive means for return on investment, but finance capital unleashed functions
like an auto-immune disorder, creating bubble after bubble of fictional value
that pops and demands a fresh bailout on the backs of the 99 percent.
Economic disruption can ramify into more general crises that
at certain thresholds and in certain circumstances lead to that most dreaded of
all conditions for the business class—instability. The very value of the
dollars a rich person has can be erased by some forms of crisis, and with that,
the rich person’s power, by certain forms of crisis. Everything is at stake for
the bourgeoisie; so stability becomes a foundation issue.
Stability in a country like the United States—325 million
souls spread over 380 million miles²—cannot be maintained through direct force,
but has to be maintained through the “invisible power” of the consent of the
governed. Gramsci called it hegemony,
but this is just all of us doing what we do every day without being physically
forced to, based on everything from the law down to Grandad’s care and
medication. Normality is a vast aggregation of norms, and the structures that
underlay those norms.
Most times, we aren’t acting out, and so there is a shifting
boundary between exactly where Gramscian hegemony is exchanged for the employment
of armed agents. That alignment is substantially determined by those whose
agitation or desperation has turned them into a threat to stability. We see the
flare-ups. Think Ferguson. Passive hegemony threatens to fail, so out come the
body-armored goon squads like alien insects piloting killer-robots.
Because these fluctuations are inevitable and progressive,
with each instance of crisis there is a temptation to by-pass any form of
quasi-democratic or even past-bureaucratic solutions in favor of increasing
executive power.
Presidential authority, executive
power, has been systematically strengthened by every single President in
our lifetimes. Barack
Obama was among those who increased executive authority the most under the
guise of the Bush-invented Global War on Terror and in response to the 2007–8 Wall
Street meltdown. Obama prosecuted more whistleblowers, for example, than all
the Presidents before him combined. And President Obama left that structural
executive power in place.
It was like he improved on the Big Gun used on behalf of the
bourgeoisie.
Then Donald Trump won the 2016 Presidential Election and got
the Big Gun for himself.
And now we have entered into a period where discontent has
morphed into seething instability at the street level with all its harsh
resentments. But there has been an anomaly, because the bourgeois-as-a-class
was quite content with the Clintons, thank you very much, and where the fuck
did this mouthy-ass lounge lizard come from?
This attitude is more a bourgeois zeitgeist than a
conspiracy. The bourgeoisie is not a secret society. It is a collection of
me-first competitors who would eat their children to win, so while they always
have their collective eye trained on the dangerous potential of the hypnotized
mass, they take time out to have machete duels with each other. What unites
them is structural, because structures unite their interests, and the most
self-conscious of this class have spokespersons you can see each day on
national television. So some threw in their lot with Trump, but most are popping
valium in advance of the next deranged tweet. Clinton Democrats are now allying
with neoconservatives (Bush II’s ideological orientation) to oppose Trump. They
were never that far apart anyway.
Trump—as a symptom of potential instability—has now created
a crisis for the bourgeoisie that is more political and ideological than
economic (though he is scurrying through the economy like a rampaging rodent,
gnawing away at the seals, shitting in the insulation, stealing food, chewing
up toilet paper, and making periodic appearances to scare the guests).
The business class is on the horns of a dilemma. They want
to make lemonade out of this lemon, so they are pushing through as many changes
as they can to goose the profit lines up a bit, but all the while calculating
how far he can go without undermining the whole edifice or causing a civil war,
whereupon they can ship him off to Mar-a-Lago to steal the female guests’
underwear and snort lines off of Steve Bannon’s ass.
The bourgeoisie wants the restoration of equilibrium; and
even though this class itself has created most of their own problems, they will
be happy to brand Trump as the goat and send him into the wilderness. He’s
already pissed off much of his own security apparatus, from the CIA and FBI to
the Department of Defense. Pretty heavy enemies.
The state’s responsibility is to create stability, not
disrupt it; and the ability of the state to do just that reckons on Gramscian
hegemony, not direct force. The state does not have the capacity to contain or
control a hypothetical mass uprising, or a general breakdown of order. And
Gramscian hegemony depends utterly on the confidence of the people in the institutions
of governance . . . which the mouthy-ass lounge lizard is undermining at every turn.
